# حوليات
(99)
في بيتنا كتاب
ترجمة جزء من كتاب " حماس
من الداخل "
لـ / مهيب النواتي
هذه ترجمتي المتواضعة لجزء من الكتاب الذي أودع صاحبه السجن
" حماس من الداخل " لكاتبه الفلسطيني / مهيب النواتي المعتقل في السجون
السورية منذ أواخر عام 2010م ، والذي تم اعتقاله على الأراضي السورية أثناء تحضيره
للجزء الثاني من الكتاب.
جاءت الترجمة بناء على اتفاق بيني وبين الكاتب عام 2004م
لترجمة هذا الجزء لأغراض بحثية ودراسية.
من الجدير بالذكر أن الكاتب الفلسطيني قد لجأ إلى النرويج هو وعائلته
بعد الأحداث التي أدت إلى الانقسام الفلسطيني عام 2007م.
__________
Hamas from Inside
1- The origin:
Hamas was actually born in the
beginning of the first Palestinian Intifada in 14 / 12 / 1987.
In the fifth article of Hamas charter, we can
see that (the aim of the movement extends from the birth of the Islamic message
and from the good ancestors). (1)
Also, (Hamas is considered as a wing
of Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine
Learning of the origin of the
Islamic movement of Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine
Muslim Brotherhood in
Palestine:
The beginning of Muslim Brotherhood
in Palestine
Its organizational structure was
formed in 1946.
The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt Jordan Palestine
This intervention helped the Muslim
Brotherhood to spread in the West Bank and Gaza
After the Israeli occupation of the
rest of Palestinian land in 1967, the relationship was stopped between the
Muslim Brotherhood movement in Palestine Egypt
Although that, the leaders of Muslim
Brotherhood in Palestine
In the beginning of the seventies,
the aim of some leaders of the movement was to restructure and activate the
movement to realize their aim which is related with calling for the forming of
the Muslim individual which lead to form the Muslim family which lead to form
the Muslim society which lead to form the Islamic state .
These leaders such as Sheikh Ahmed
Yasein , Abed Elfataah Dokhan and Mohammed Shamaa began to restructure the
organizational construction of Muslim Brotherhood under a legal cover , they
were given license by the Israeli military ruler to practice social , cultural
and sporting activities , the most important associations were the Islamic
assembly "Al-Mujama" and the Islamic association in Gaza .
The Islamic Assembly
"Islamic Mujama":
The Islamic Assembly was established
in 1973 but it was given license as an Ottoman association from the Israeli
Authority in 1979. (4)
In the beginning, it was established
as a mosque then a clinic, a sporting club, kindergarten and Zakat
committee...etc were joined to the mosque.
The first group, who established the
Assembly, was consisted of Sheikh Ahmed Yassein, Saleem Shorab, Ahmed Daloul
and others.
Sheikh Ahmed Yassein was the main
character among them; he became the leader of this group.
The Islamic Assembly supporters
began to dominate the mosques in Gaza
The Islamic Assembly was not alone
in the political field in Gaza Strip and the West Bank, there were Palestine
Liberation Organization (PLO), Islamic Jihad Movement and Liberation Party,
they chose Jihad policy to face Israeli occupation forces, they accused the
Islamic Assembly of abandonment and they blame it to refuse the adoption of
Jihad policy to liberty the occupied Palestine.
Some youths in the leadership of
Muslim Brotherhood were affected by this accusation, they pressed the
leadership of the assembly to adopt the Jihad policy but the leadership refused
and insisted on its opinion until 7th December 1987 .
Beginning of change:
The leadership of Muslim Brotherhood
insisted on its opinion except Sheikh Hijazi al-Barbar.
A lot of youth supporters gathered
around Hijazi al-Barbar during al-Katiba mosque in Gaza
Hijazi al-Barbar held demonstrations
in Gaza streets in 6th January 1980, more than 5000 demonstrators attacked
institutions such as cinemas, places selling or serving alcohol and some
foundations of Palestinian Communist Party such as Red Crescent Society and
attempted to march on the home of its director Haydar Abed al-Shafi (A famous
politician and he became chief of Palestinian delegation of negotiations in Madrid
later on) but Israeli army stopped them. (5)
The events of 1980 were considered
as a beginning of change, some leaders of Islamic Assembly changed their
opinions.
Those events formed a beginning to
adopt Jihad idea.
In spite of that, Sheikh Ahmed Yassein
punished Hijazi al-Barbar for those events and did to diminish his role in the
movement and the Islamic university.
Besides, Khalid al-Hindi was elected
instead of him to be a chief of students' council.
Hijazi al-Barbar left Palestinian
political field after he had had a lot of crises.
The first Intifada:
In 8th December 1987 , a large Israeli lorry
collided with an Arabic car, there were 7 Palestinian martyrs.
The Palestinian street was boiling
with range, this boiling turned into violent confrontations with Israeli
Occupation Forces in Gaza
It was clear; the participation of
Palestinian people in these confrontations would lead to dangerous results in
the relationship between Israeli Occupation Forces and Palestinians in Gaza
Strip and West Bank.
Palestine Liberation Organization
declared its participation in the events, also Youth Movement
"Shabiba" called its supporters in Islamic University and secondary
schools to escalate the confrontations against Israeli Forces in streets and
lanes then in the whole Gaza
While the factions of Palestine
Islamic Resistance
Movement "Hamas":
It was cold and raining while 7
leaders of Islamic Assembly were meeting in the house of Ahmed Yassein, they
were: Abed al-Aziz Rantisi, Ibrahim al-Yazuri, Isa al-Nashar and Sheikh Ahmed
Yassein, they talked about the events in Palestinian street
Some leaders wanted to take part in
the events; they refused not to take part in the confrontations against Israeli
Occupation Forces. (7)
In the beginning, Sheikh Ahmed Yassein
refused and insisted on his opinion, but he was afraid to loss the supporters
for the Islamic project of Muslim Brotherhood if he didn't take part in
Intifada. (8)
The leadership of Muslim Brotherhood
suggested that they can take part in Intifada during a new movement and far
from the name of Muslim Brotherhood or the Assembly; if the new movement was
exposed to a strong blow, they would find a return line to the Islamic project
of Brotherhood, they chose the name of this movement, it was (Islamic Resistance
Movement) then they abbreviated it to Hamas.
Hamas became the legal baby of
Muslim Brotherhood, it was born to take part in Intifada.
But Muslim Brotherhood decided not
to adopt Hamas officially because of that fear.
So Hamas delayed the declaration of
its charter for 8 months.
Anyway; the second article of its
charter was a confession of the connection between Hamas and Muslim
Brotherhood.
2 - Hamas charter:
To understand Hamas movement, you
must read its charter.
As we said before, Hamas delayed the
declaration of its charter for 8 months.
In spite of special circumstances of
establishing the movement, Hamas charter affirms that Hamas was not established
at random, it was established after planning and clarification.
(When the thought matured, the seed
grew and the plant took root in the land of reality, detached from temporary
emotion and unwelcome haste, the Islamic Resistance Movement erupted in order
to play its role in the path of its Lord. In so doing, it joined its hands with
those of all Jihad fighters for the purpose of liberating Palestine land of Palestine
Also, as we said before, the thought
of Muslim Brothers was to call for the forming of the Muslim individual which
lead to form the Muslim family which lead to form the Muslim society which lead
to form the Islamic state, far from violence, fighting and confrontation with
the other.
This concept dominated the leaders
of Muslim Brotherhood and put them in a big dilemma of when to call for Islam
and when to let the youths face the Israeli occupation, so we can see that
Hamas was considered as a clear decision for resistance by leaders of Islamic
Assembly.
Hamas charter talked about reasons
and goals of the movement:
(Hamas finds itself at a period of
time when Islam has waned away from the reality of life. For this reason, the
checks and balances have been upset, concepts have become confused, and values
have been transformed; evil has prevailed, oppression and obscurity have
reigned; cowards have turned tigers, homelands have been usurped, people have
been uprooted and are wandering all over the globe. The state of truth has
disappeared and was replaced by the state of evil. Nothing has remained in its
right place, for when Islam is removed from the scene, everything changes.
These are the motives. As to the objectives: discarding the evil, crushing it
and defeating it, so that truth may prevail, homelands revert [to their
owners], calls for prayer be heard from their mosques, announcing the
reinstitution of the Muslim state. Thus, people and things will revert to their
true place). (10)
Also, Hamas charter talked about
relationship between Hamas and the other Islamic movements in Palestinian
political field:
(Hamas views the other Islamic
movements with respect and appreciation. Even when it differs from them in one
aspect or another or on one concept or another, it agrees with them in other
aspects and concepts. It reads those movements as included in the framework of striving
[for the sake of Allah], as long as they hold sound intentions and abide by
their devotion to Allah, and as along as their conduct remains within the
perimeter of the Islamic circle. All the fighters of Jihad have their reward.
The Hamas regards those movements as its stock holders and asks Allah for
guidance and integrity of conduct for all. It shall not fail to continue to
raise the banner of unity and to exert efforts in order to implement it,
[based] upon the [Holy] Book and the [Prophet’s] Tradition). (11)
It talked in Article Twenty-Five
about the National (wataniyya) Movements in the Palestinian arena:
([Hamas] reciprocated its respect to
them, appreciates their condition and the factors surrounding them and
influencing them, and supports them firmly as long as they do not owe their
loyalty to the Communist East or to the Crusader West. We reiterate to every
one who is part of them or sympathizes with them that the Hamas is a movement
of Jihad, or morality and consciousness in its concept of life. It moves
forward with the others, abhors opportunism, and only wishes well to
individuals and groups. It does not aspire to material gains, or to personal
fame, nor does it solicit remuneration from the people. It sets out relying on
its own material resources, and what is available to it, [as it is said]
“afford them the power you can avail yourself of.” [All that] in order to carry
out its duty, to gain Allah’s favor; it has no ambition other than that. All
the nationalist streams, operating in the Palestinian arena for the sake of the
liberation of Palestine, may rest assured that they will definitely and
resolutely get support and assistance, in speech and in action, at the present
and in the future, [because Hamas aspires] to unite, not to divide; to
safeguard, not to squander; to bring together, not to fragment. It values every
kind word, every devoted effort and every commendable endeavor. It closes the
door before marginal quarrels, it does not heed rumors and biased statements,
and it is aware of the right of self-defense. Anything that runs counter or
contradicts this orientation is trumped up by the enemies or by those who run
in their orbit in order to create confusion, to divide our ranks or to divert
to marginal things). (12)
The most important point is the
relationship between Hamas and Palestine
(The PLO is among the closest to the
Hamas, for it constitutes a father, a brother, a relative, a friend. Can a
Muslim turn away from his father, his brother, his relative or his friend? Our
homeland is one, our calamity is one, our destiny is one and our enemy is
common to both of us. Under the influence of the circumstances which surrounded
the founding of the PLO, and the ideological invasion which has swept the Arab
world since the rout of the Crusades, and which has been reinforced by
Orientalism and the Christian Mission, the PLO has adopted the idea of a
Secular State, and so we think of it. Secular thought is diametrically opposed
to religious thought. Thought is the basis for positions, for modes of conduct
and for resolutions. Therefore, in spite of our appreciation for the PLO and
its possible transformation in the future, and despite the fact that we do not
denigrate its role in the Arab-Israeli conflict, we cannot substitute it for
the Islamic nature of Palestine Palestine
You can see that Hamas charter was
not clear when it talked about the relationship between Hamas and Palestine
In Article Twenty-Eight, the charter
talked about the relationship between Hamas and Arab countries:
(All those secret organizations,
some which are overt, act for the interests of Zionism and under its
directions, strive to demolish societies, to destroy values, to wreck
answerableness, to totter virtues and to wipe out Islam. It stands behind the
diffusion of drugs and toxics of all kinds in order to facilitate its control
and expansion. The Arab states surrounding Israel Palestine Israel
Hamas is a humane movement, you can
find that in Article Thirty-One:
(Hamas is a humane movement, which
cares for human rights and is committed to the tolerance inherent in Islam as
regards attitudes towards other religions. It is only hostile to those who are
hostile towards it, or stand in its way in order to disturb its moves or to
frustrate its efforts. Under the shadow of Islam it is possible for the members
of the three religions: Islam, Christianity and Judaism to coexist in safety
and security. Safety and security can only prevail under the shadow of Islam,
and recent and ancient history is the best witness to that effect). (15)
In Article Eleven, Hamas charter
considered Palestine
(The Islamic Resistance Movement
believes that the land
of Palestine
It explains the view of Hamas about
Peaceful Solutions, [Peace] Initiatives and International Conferences:
([Peace] initiatives, the so-called
peaceful solutions, and the international conferences to resolve the
Palestinian problem, are all contrary to the beliefs of the Islamic Resistance
Movement. For renouncing any part of Palestine
Also, the charter talked about the
Islamic education:
(We must accord the Islamic [young]
generations in our area, an Islamic education based on the implementation of
religious precepts, on the conscientious study of the Book of Allah; on the
Study of the Prophetic Tradition, on the study of Islamic history and heritage
from its reliable sources). (18)
Article Seventeen and Article
Eighteen were about the role of Muslim women:
(The Muslim women have a no lesser
role than that of men in the war of liberation; they manufacture men and play a
great role in guiding and educating the [new] generation. The enemies have
understood that role, therefore they realize that if they can guide and educate
[the Muslim women] in a way that would distance them from Islam, they would
have won that war... The women in the house and the family of Jihad fighters,
whether they are mothers or sisters, carry out the most important duty of
caring for the home and raising the children upon the moral concepts and values
which derive from Islam; and of educating their sons to observe the religious
injunctions in preparation for the duty of Jihad awaiting them). (19)
You can see that Hamas charter
talked about the Role of Islamic Art in the war of liberation in Article
Nineteen:
(Art has rules and criteria by which
one can know whether it is Islamic or Jahiliyya art. The problems of Islamic
liberation underlie the need for Islamic art which could lift the spirit, and
instead of making one party triumph over the other, would lift up all parties
in harmony and balance). (20)
Article Thirty was about the members
of Other Religions:
(Hamas is a humane movement, which
cares for human rights and is committed to the tolerance inherent in Islam as
regards attitudes towards other religions. It is only hostile to those who are
hostile towards it, or stand in its way in order to disturb its moves or to
frustrate its efforts. Under the shadow of Islam it is possible for the members
of the three religions: Islam, Christianity and Judaism to coexist in safety
and security. Safety and security can only prevail under the shadow of Islam,
and recent and ancient history is the best witness to that effect). (21)
Finally, Hamas explains, during its
charter, its seven aspects:
·
Its root is Muslim Brotherhood Movement.
·
Its plain road is Islam (A way of life).
·
Its method is Resistance.
·
Its structure is from true Muslims.
·
Perfect relationships with the others.
·
Hamas is not a substitute for anyone.
·
Its aspects are international and humane.
That is clear in Article Thirty-Six:
(Hamas, while breaking its path,
reiterates time and again to all members of our people and the Arab and Islamic
peoples, that it does not seek fame for itself nor material gains, or social
status. Nor is it directed against any one member of our people in order to
compete with him or replace him. There is nothing of that at all. It will never
set out against any Muslims or against the non-Muslims who make peace with it,
here or anywhere else. It will only be of help to all associations and
organizations which act against the Zionist enemy and those who revolve in its
orbit. Hamas posits Islam as a way of life; it is its faith and its yardstick
for judging. Whoever posits Islam as a way of life, anywhere, and regardless of
whether it is an organization, a state, or any other group, Hamas are its
soldiers, nothing else. We implore Allah to guide us, to guide through us and
to decide between us and our folk with truth. “Our Lord! Decide with truth
between us and our folk, for Thou are the best of those who make decisions.”
Sura VII (Al-A’raf—the Heights), verse 89). (22)
3- The Organizational
Framework of Hamas Movement:
It's difficult to talk about the
organizational framework of Hamas because the movement didn't publish any proclamation
or announcement about its framework, also Hamas leaders refused to talk in
details about it.
(Hamas Movement is a public and
secret resistance movement, we don't want to speak about policy and internal
regime of the movement, we have an advice council "Shorah" and a
correct cooperation regime, also Hamas is Jihad movement and we have enemies, I
can't tell you everything) Ahmed Yassein said in short. (23)
Some media resources talked about
the movement structure in details or accidental.
Also I, the author, knew of
confessions of some members of Hamas to Israeli investigators during the first
Intifada while I was arrested in central Gaza
To understand the organizational
framework of Hamas, we must divide organizational work of Hamas into:
1 – The Political
Organizational Framework:
Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)
depended on the advice council "Shorah" in its work.
The advice council consisted of 50 –
70 persons; this council was an important part of the movement. (25)
It was difficult and complex to hold
the council meetings perpetually; it was necessary to find a mini form of the
advice council which consisted of a few members, they can take quick decisions,
that mini form was the Political Office.
The Political Office:
It's the upper political
organizational authority in Hamas Movement.
It's the representative of all
sections of the movement inside and outside.
The sections of political
office are divided into:
Inside: It was consisted of: Gaza,
West Bank and prisons. Every section had one vote in political office and
sometimes had more than one vote according to the density of movement in that
area.
Outside: It was consisted of Jordan Lebanon Iran USA Europe ) as one section and the rest of other countries as
another section. Every area had one vote in political office.
The military group: The military
group of Hamas tried to be far away from the other groups but it was a part of
the movement, it represented its public and secret policy, so it had a vote in
the political office.
* Khaled Mish'al is the chief of the
political office of Hamas Movement.
Dr. Musa Abu Marzuq (political
office founder and its first chief) and Imad al-Alami (Hamas representative in Iran Jordan
We can't define political office
representatives inside Palestine
Political office was founded by Dr.
Musa Abu Marzuq; he restructured Hamas Movement after arresting Ahmed Yassein
and a lot of leaders and members of the movement in 1989.
Abu Marzuq decided to form the
political office and defined its work:
·
Planning movement policy.
·
Representing movement in its international relationships.
·
Representing movement in its relationships with Palestine
Liberation Organization and the other Islamic movements in Arab countries and
the west.
·
Also, Abu Marzuq formed two committees: "call for
Islam" committee (International committee) and Jihad committee.
2 – The Regional
Organizational Framework:
Ahmed Yassien divided Gaza Strip
into 5 geographic areas: North Gaza – South Gaza – the middle area – Khan
Youins and Rafah, also he divided West Bank into 7 areas: Alkhaleel – Bethlahem
– Jerusalem – Ramallah – Nables – Tolkaram and Jenin.
Every area was independent and had
its own general manager.
3 – The Operational
Framework:
(The offices of the movement)
In 1986, the leadership of the
Islamic Assembly formed the "call for Islam" and Aljihad Organization
as a security office of the movement and as a nucleus of the military office
after that.
Virtually, after the establishment
of Hamas, this office formed a mainstay for the military office which was
established also after the launch of Hamas. In the special circumstances during
the first Intifada, Hamas had to form its offices according to these
circumstances.
Hamas was able to develop itself
with the development of Intifada, so Hamas formed some of offices which
formed the organizational office of the Movement:
The events office:
It deals with daily events such as
manifestations, protest marches, strikes, the erection of the barriers,
encouragement of the civilians to take part in the funeral processions of the
martyrs … etc.
This office preserves the daily life
of civilians; continues the education process, regulates traffic and repels people
who spread drugs or people who collaborate with the enemy through out a group
which was named Islamic Thunderbolt Forces.
Besides, this group is related to
the fieldwork leadership of Hamas Movement.
The events office continued its work
until the coming of Palestinian Authority then it was finished and the
Palestinian Authority took the reins of all matters.
The "call for
Islam" office (Da'wa):
It’s one of the most important
offices of the movement.
Its role is to recruit young people
through the activities inside the mosque.
In spite of the simplicity of these
activities inside the mosque and outside it, the importance of this group is to
nominate the members for the other offices of the movement such as the security
and military offices.
This group was established before
the establishment of Hamas during the calling stage which was done by the
actives of the Islamic Assembly.
The Da'wa office was developed
during the first Intifada after the launch of Hamas.
The other offices of the
movement:
Hamas formed new offices such as the media
office and the military office.
Besides, Hamas developed some
offices such as the security office and the foundations office.
The references:
1- The Islamic resistance movement
(Hamas), the charter of the movement (unpublished document in 18/8/1988 ), page 4.
2- The same source, page 3.
3- Ali aljrbaoi , The Intifada and
The Political leaderships in the West Bank and Gaza Strip , the first print ,
Beirut , Dar Altali’ah , April 1989, page 43 , 44 .
4- Meeting with Sheikh Ahmed Yasein
(founder of Hamas Movement) in 10/4/2002 .
5- Meeting with Hijazi Albarbar (an
assistant of Sheikh Ahmed Yasein in 1981) in 16/3/2002 .
6- Meeting with Sheikh Ahmed Yasein,
precedent source.
7- Ya’ri , Ihod Washef , Zaei’ve ,
Intifada , translated by Dar Aljalil , the first print , Dar Algalil for
publication , studies and researches , Amman , 1991 , page 194 .
8- Meeting with Sheikh Ahmed Yasein,
precedent source.
9- Charter of the Islamic Resistance
Movement (Hamas), precedent source, page 1.
10- The precedent source, page 7.
11- The precedent source, page 23.
12- The precedent source, page 24.
13- The precedent source, page 26.
14- The precedent source, page 27.
15- The precedent source, page 29.
16- The precedent source, page 9.
17- The precedent source, page 12.
18- The precedent source, page 15.
19- The precedent source, page 17,
16.
20- The precedent source, page 17.
21- The precedent source, page 29.
22- The precedent source, page 35.
23- Meeting with Sheikh Ahmed Yasein
(founder of Hamas Movement) in 10/4/2002 .
24- Meeting with several of members
of Hamas, in Gaza
25- Meeting with Sheikh Ahmed Yasein,
precedent source.
______________________
صباح الفل و العسل يا امتياز
ردحذفليا عندك طلبين
انا عايز اعرف رايك شخصيا فى حماس بدون دبولماسية او حساسية
ثانيا لينك الكتاب لو متوافر
و اكون شاكر ليكى جدا
تحياتى
للأسف الكتاب غير متوفر الكترونياً ، لكن إن شاء الله احاول انزل الفصول كتابة هنا ع المدونة .. بالنسبة لسؤالك الثاني ، " اعتقد بأني لا استطيع إعطاء رأيي بكل صراحة هنا لأسباب قد تكون سياسية !!" ، واعتقد بأن ردي ع سؤالك قد وصل من خلال العبارة السابقة ! ^_^
حذفتمرد = الخيانة ، الخيانة = العقوبة ، العقوبة = الموت ، أبقى بعيدا من أجل حياتك
ردحذفحماس تاج ع راسك يا كلب ، واللي بيجيب سيرتها بنقطع له رقبته إنشاء الله
ردحذف